[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":57},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-106180-arch_structure-3":3},{"question":4,"neighbors":26,"sameNumber":41,"prev":30,"next":33},{"id":5,"classKey":6,"session":7,"year":8,"subject":9,"number":10,"groupStem":11,"ownStem":12,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerKind":20,"answerS":11,"answerNote":11,"images":21,"explanation":22,"withheld":11,"deepChars":23,"freq":24,"indexable":25},"arch-106180-801-0102-003","architect","106180",106,"建築結構",3,null,"下列何種結構之力學原理與門形剛架結構最為接近？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"懸索結構","格柵結構","薄膜結構","拱結構",[19],"D","single",[],"本題考點：門形剛架在垂直載重下的傳力方式——柱腳除了垂直反力外還產生向外的水平推力，構材以軸壓力加彎矩傳力——與拱結構的推力機制最相近。\n【正解理由】門形剛架由柱與梁剛接而成，受垂直載重時，梁的彎曲變形會經剛接節點帶動柱頂向外撐開，柱腳因此產生向外的水平推力，而柱與梁同時承受軸壓力與彎矩；若柱腳水平方向被約束，水平推力就會反過來降低梁跨中彎矩。拱結構同樣是以曲線（或折線）形狀把垂直載重轉成沿拱軸的壓力，支承處同時出現垂直反力與向外的水平推力，推力愈能被支承抵住，拱身彎矩愈小。兩者都是「受壓為主、支承有水平推力、以形狀與連續性減少彎矩」的抗彎拱形系統，山形剛架更可以看成折線化的拱。故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 懸索結構以只能受拉的纜索承載，垂直載重下纜索下垂成懸鏈線或拋物線，支承處的水平反力是向內拉的拉力，構材以純拉力傳力、不具抗彎能力，與門形剛架的受壓加彎矩機制方向相反；要與門形剛架同類，須改為受壓的拱形構件。\n(B) 格柵結構是梁在平面上縱橫交織成的雙向梁系，載重由各方向的梁以彎曲與扭轉分擔，支承以垂直反力為主，不靠形狀產生水平推力；它的力學原理接近雙向版或交叉梁，而不是門形剛架的推力系統。\n(C) 薄膜結構以張力膜材承載，膜材本身沒有抗壓與抗彎能力，必須施加預拉力或以氣壓撐起才能維持形狀，屬純受拉的張力結構；與門形剛架剛性構材受壓、受彎的傳力方式不同。\n(D) 拱結構把垂直載重轉成沿拱軸的壓力，支承處產生向外水平推力，與門形剛架柱腳向外推的反力型態、以及構材受壓兼受彎的行為一致，符合題目所問。\n【記憶點】看支承水平反力的方向：向外推的是拱與剛架（受壓系），向內拉的是懸索與薄膜（受拉系）。",601,1,true,[27,29,32,35,38],{"number":24,"session":7,"stem":28},"對 RC 建築而言，施工後窗台常與柱相連而形成「短柱效應」，於強烈地震時下列有關「短…",{"number":30,"session":7,"stem":31},2,"有關高雄世運主場館之建築設計，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"number":33,"session":7,"stem":34},4,"三鉸拱受垂直均勻載重作用，下列敘述何者正確？①增加水平跨度，增加支承水平推力②增加拱…",{"number":36,"session":7,"stem":37},5,"下列那兩項完全正確？①「建築物耐震設計規範」要求垂直地震力單獨看成一種載重情況 ②地…",{"number":39,"session":7,"stem":40},6,"臺灣位處強震帶，高層建築的結構系統配置原則，下列何者較為不佳？",[42,45,48,51,54],{"number":10,"session":43,"stem":44},"114180","如圖所示，x 軸為作用力的反覆加載週期數目（N），y 軸為鋼所承受的應力（MPa）大…",{"number":10,"session":46,"stem":47},"113190","關於薄殼結構，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"number":10,"session":49,"stem":50},"112190","下列敘述何者正確？①在同一場地震事件下，各地區震度相同，地震規模相異 ②某次地震 A…",{"number":10,"session":52,"stem":53},"111180","下列混凝土抗壓強度：甲、3000 psi，乙、280 kgf\u002Fcm2，丙、30 MP…",{"number":10,"session":55,"stem":56},"110180","高樓結構常以帶狀桁架（belt truss）配置在具有結構核之系統，其目的為何？",1791863197016]