[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":61},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-108180-arch_construction-8":3},{"question":4,"neighbors":26,"sameNumber":45,"prev":34,"next":37},{"id":5,"classKey":6,"session":7,"year":8,"subject":9,"number":10,"groupStem":11,"ownStem":12,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerKind":20,"answerS":11,"answerNote":11,"images":21,"explanation":22,"withheld":11,"deepChars":23,"freq":24,"indexable":25},"arch-108180-801-0103-008","architect","108180",108,"建築構造與施工",8,null,"吸水率是石材選用時需考量的性質之一，下列何種石材具較高之吸水率？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"大理石","安山岩","蛇紋岩","凝灰岩",[19],"D","single",[],"本題考點：石材的吸水率與岩石成因、組織緻密程度的關係。題目要找出四種石材中吸水率較高者，關鍵在於分辨「火山碎屑膠結而成、孔隙多」的凝灰岩，與「結晶緻密」的大理石、蛇紋岩及「熔岩冷凝、組織較密」的安山岩。\n【正解理由】吸水率反映石材內部開放孔隙的多寡：孔隙越多、越連通，浸水後吸入的水量越大。凝灰岩是火山噴出的灰燼與碎屑堆積後膠結而成的火成碎屑岩，顆粒之間的膠結不如熔岩冷凝或變質再結晶那樣緊密，內部留有大量孔隙，因此質輕、質軟、易加工，但吸水率高、強度與耐候性較差。相對地，大理石與蛇紋岩是經高溫高壓變質再結晶的岩石，安山岩是熔岩冷凝的火山岩，三者組織都比凝灰岩緻密。四者之中具較高吸水率者為凝灰岩，故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 大理石：不符合題目所問。大理石是石灰岩經變質作用再結晶而成，方解石晶粒彼此緊密咬合，孔隙少、吸水率低。《建築技術規則建築構造編》第 11 條列出大理石之單位體積重量明顯高於浮石、磚等多孔材料，正是組織緻密的反映；《結構混凝土施工規範》第 11.5.6 節也指出磨石子常用大理石作石子，因其硬度適當、可以磨出光面。大理石的弱點在於主成分為碳酸鈣、不耐酸雨，戶外易失去光澤，問題出在「耐酸性」而不是「吸水率」；要描述高吸水率的石材，應改成凝灰岩。\n(B) 安山岩：不符合題目所問。安山岩屬噴出型火成岩，由熔岩在地表冷凝而成，組織以細粒或斑狀結晶為主，整體相當緻密，耐磨、耐候性佳，常用於鋪面、外牆與階梯。部分安山岩帶有少量氣孔，吸水率會略高於花崗岩，但仍遠低於由火山灰膠結而成的凝灰岩。同樣是「火山」相關的岩石，安山岩是熔岩冷凝、凝灰岩是火山灰堆積，成因不同，孔隙量差別很大，這正是本題的陷阱。\n(C) 蛇紋岩：不符合題目所問。蛇紋岩是超基性岩經變質作用形成的變質岩，以蛇紋石礦物為主，組織緻密、吸水率低，研磨後呈墨綠色紋理，常作為室內裝飾石材。它的弱點是部分品種質地較軟、戶外長期曝曬雨淋易褪色或風化，同樣不是吸水率高的問題。\n(D) 凝灰岩：符合題目所問。凝灰岩由火山灰、火山礫等碎屑沉積膠結而成，顆粒間孔隙多且連通，質輕易切削，但吸水率高；吸水後強度下降，乾濕反覆時容易表面剝落、風化，也容易被髒污與青苔附著，因此多用於室內、圍牆或不受力的裝飾部位，不宜用於長期潮濕或受磨耗的地坪。\n【記憶點】判斷石材吸水率先看成因：變質再結晶（大理石、蛇紋岩）與熔岩冷凝（安山岩、花崗岩）較緻密；火山灰膠結的凝灰岩孔隙多、吸水率最高。",602,1,true,[27,30,33,36,39,42],{"number":28,"session":7,"stem":29},5,"有關防火門窗之規定，下列何者錯誤？",{"number":31,"session":7,"stem":32},6,"為提昇木構造建築之耐火性及延長防火時效，下列何者不是有效措施？",{"number":34,"session":7,"stem":35},7,"下列各種運用於混凝土構造之水泥砂漿防水劑，何者俗稱水玻璃？",{"number":37,"session":7,"stem":38},9,"有關紅磚牆體砌築施工之規定，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"number":40,"session":7,"stem":41},10,"複層 Low-E 玻璃為近來極受建築師採用的建築材料，在臺灣為達到較佳的隔熱效果，其…",{"number":43,"session":7,"stem":44},11,"有關防止石材「吐白」現象的對策，下列何者錯誤？",[46,49,52,55,58],{"number":10,"session":47,"stem":48},"114180","現行國家標準（CNS）對陶瓷面磚品質分類上有關吸水率的規定中，何者正確？",{"number":10,"session":50,"stem":51},"113190","下列何者不是高性能混凝土之特性？",{"number":10,"session":53,"stem":54},"112190","有關逆打工法之特性，下列何者錯誤？",{"number":10,"session":56,"stem":57},"111180","一般建材有瓷製品、石製品及陶製品，若以吸水率及燒成溫度來區分，下列何者正確？",{"number":10,"session":59,"stem":60},"110180","關於鋼材的性質敘述，下列何者正確？",1791863209563]