[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":61},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-108180-arch_structure-14":3},{"question":4,"neighbors":26,"sameNumber":45,"prev":34,"next":37},{"id":5,"classKey":6,"session":7,"year":8,"subject":9,"number":10,"groupStem":11,"ownStem":12,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerKind":20,"answerS":11,"answerNote":11,"images":21,"explanation":22,"withheld":11,"deepChars":23,"freq":24,"indexable":25},"arch-108180-801-0102-014","architect","108180",108,"建築結構",14,null,"若有一簡支梁與一兩端固定梁，兩者跨距相同，承受相同垂直載重時，下列何者在固定梁較大？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"梁端剪力","梁中點剪力","梁端彎矩的絕對值","梁中點彎矩的絕對值",[19],"C","single",[],"本題考點：比較簡支梁（靜定）與兩端固定梁（靜不定）在相同跨距、相同垂直載重下的剪力與彎矩分布，核心是「支承束制條件改變了彎矩的分配，卻不改變對稱載重下的端部剪力」。\n【正解理由】簡支梁兩端為鉸支承與滾支承，支承只能提供垂直反力，無法抵抗轉動，所以梁端彎矩為零；兩端固定梁的支承同時束制轉動，載重使梁端產生負彎矩（梁上緣受拉），其絕對值必然大於零。也就是說，同一跨、同一載重，梁端彎矩的絕對值從簡支梁的零，變成固定梁的一個有限值，固定梁明顯較大，故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 梁端剪力：不符合題目所問。以考題常見的對稱載重（均布載重或跨中集中載重）來看，兩種梁都由兩端平分總載重，端部剪力等於端部垂直反力，兩者相同。固定梁兩端的固端彎矩大小相等、方向相反，彼此抵銷，不會在兩端之間轉移垂直反力，所以端部剪力不會因為支承改成固定而變大。要讓兩者端部剪力出現差異，必須是非對稱載重，那時是一端變大、另一端變小，並非整體「固定梁較大」。\n(B) 梁中點剪力：不符合題目所問。對稱均布載重下，兩種梁的中點剪力都是零（剪力圖由正轉負的位置正好在跨中）；跨中集中載重時，中點左右兩側的剪力也同樣是兩端平分的那一份。兩種梁的剪力圖在對稱載重下完全相同，中點剪力沒有大小之分。\n(C) 梁端彎矩的絕對值：符合題目所問，為正解。簡支梁端部可自由轉動，彎矩為零；固定梁端部被束制轉動，產生負彎矩，絕對值大於零，因此固定梁較大。\n(D) 梁中點彎矩的絕對值：不符合題目所問，方向剛好相反。固定梁的端部負彎矩把整條梁的彎矩圖「往下拉」，跨中正彎矩因而減小；簡支梁沒有端部負彎矩分攤，整個彎矩都集中在跨中，所以中點彎矩是簡支梁較大、固定梁較小。若要寫成正確敘述，應改為「梁中點彎矩的絕對值在簡支梁較大」。\n【記憶點】固定端「搶走」跨中彎矩：端彎矩從零變大、跨中彎矩變小，對稱載重下剪力圖不變。",670,1,true,[27,30,33,36,39,42],{"number":28,"session":7,"stem":29},11,"下列四個工程圖中的敘述，何者正確？",{"number":31,"session":7,"stem":32},12,"關於建築物耐震設計之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"number":34,"session":7,"stem":35},13,"靜定結構與靜不定結構受溫度變化之影響比較，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"number":37,"session":7,"stem":38},15,"在高層建築結構中，常使用核心結構另結合外伸穩定架（outrigger）與外圈桁架（b…",{"number":40,"session":7,"stem":41},16,"下列對於拱結構的敘述，何者正確？",{"number":43,"session":7,"stem":44},17,"如圖所示之剛構架，AB、BC、CD 之長度相等，D 為滾動支承（roller），EI…",[46,49,52,55,58],{"number":10,"session":47,"stem":48},"114180","圖示之梁構造中 C 為鉸接，不考慮自重影響，在 B 出現微小垂直沉陷時，下列敘述何者…",{"number":10,"session":50,"stem":51},"113190","一般建築結構耐震設計時，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"number":10,"session":53,"stem":54},"112190","下列有關纜索結構系統的敘述，何者正確？",{"number":10,"session":56,"stem":57},"111180","關於木質構造，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"number":10,"session":59,"stem":60},"110180","下列有關鋼柱挫屈強度 Pcr 之敘述，何者錯誤？",1791863208326]