[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":59},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-109180-arch_structure-9":3},{"question":4,"neighbors":24,"sameNumber":43,"prev":32,"next":35},{"id":5,"classKey":6,"session":7,"year":8,"subject":9,"number":10,"groupStem":11,"ownStem":12,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":15,"answerKind":17,"answerS":11,"answerNote":11,"images":18,"explanation":20,"withheld":11,"deepChars":21,"freq":22,"indexable":23},"arch-109180-801-0102-009","architect","109180",109,"建築結構",9,null,"如圖所示，鋼筋混凝土剪力牆因開口而形成短梁，如圖中圈選處。若此結構承受來自左方的水平載重，短梁區域可能出現之剪力方向及開裂形式，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":14,"C":14,"D":14},"",[16],"B","single",[19],"\u002Fimages\u002Farch-109180-801-0102-009.png","本題考點：剪力牆因開口形成的連接短梁（連梁）在水平載重下的變形機制：兩側牆肢如懸臂一起轉動，迫使短梁兩端產生相對垂直位移，短梁承受以剪力為主的作用，斜張力方向決定斜向開裂方向。\n【正解理由】依題圖，牆面中央上下排列的開口把剪力牆分成左、右兩片牆肢，圈選處是兩個開口之間連接左右牆肢的短梁。水平載重由左向右作用時，整片牆像懸臂往右彎，左右牆肢各自繞自身斷面形心作順時針轉動。左牆肢靠開口的一側（右緣）因轉動而往下移，右牆肢靠開口的一側（左緣）則往上移，所以短梁左端被往下帶、右端被往上帶。牆肢作用在短梁上的剪力因此是「左端向下、右端向上」；反過來，短梁對牆肢的反作用是把左牆肢往上拉、把右牆肢往下壓，正好與水平力造成的傾倒效果（左側受拉、右側受壓）一致，可用來驗算方向沒有判錯。短梁受這對剪力而產生剪切變形，左下角到右上角的對角線被拉長，斜張力沿此方向，混凝土的斜向裂縫垂直於斜張力，走向為由左上往右下。(B) 的剪力方向與開裂走向都符合。故選 B。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 剪力方向「左端向下、右端向上」正確，但裂縫畫成由左下往右上。這個方向與斜張力平行，不是開裂方向；在此剪力方向下，斜張力沿左下—右上，裂縫應垂直於它，改成由左上往右下才對。\n(B) 剪力為左端向下、右端向上，裂縫由左上往右下，兩者都與水平載重由左向右時的牆肢轉動及斜張力方向一致，敘述正確。\n(C) 剪力畫成左端向上、右端向下，與題目載重方向相反；裂縫由左下往右上，是這組相反剪力自身對應的開裂方向。整組圖是水平載重改為由右向左時的情形。本題載重由左方而來，剪力應改為左端向下、右端向上，裂縫應改為由左上往右下。\n(D) 裂縫走向由左上往右下雖然與正解相同，但剪力畫成左端向上、右端向下，方向相反；而且在這組剪力下，斜張力會沿左上—右下，裂縫應是由左下往右上，圖中剪力與裂縫彼此也不對應。剪力應改為左端向下、右端向上。\n【記憶點】先判牆肢轉向找短梁兩端誰下誰上，再找被拉長的那條對角線，裂縫與它垂直；載重反向時剪力與裂縫一起反向，反覆地震下就形成交叉的 X 形裂縫。",709,1,true,[25,28,31,34,37,40],{"number":26,"session":7,"stem":27},6,"東海大學路思義教堂之結構系統較接近下列何種結構系統的組合？",{"number":29,"session":7,"stem":30},7,"關於建築用木材之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"number":32,"session":7,"stem":33},8,"根據「建築物耐震設計規範」，消能建築須按其消能元件之有效阻尼比，計算出中小度地震之設…",{"number":35,"session":7,"stem":36},10,"若欲構築大跨距之多層建築，在規劃各層水平構件（樓版與梁）之結構系統時，下列敘述何者正…",{"number":38,"session":7,"stem":39},11,"有關基礎及地層之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"number":41,"session":7,"stem":42},12,"圖示結構物為幾度靜不定？鉸接",[44,47,50,53,56],{"number":10,"session":45,"stem":46},"114180","某等跨距構架活載重 w 全部負載、間隔負載如圖(a)、圖(b)所示，若活載重大於靜載…",{"number":10,"session":48,"stem":49},"113190","依「建築物耐震設計規範」，下列有關地震加速度反應譜之敘述何者正確？",{"number":10,"session":51,"stem":52},"112190","一個微小的矩型六面體受到純剪力作用，下列敘述何者正確？",{"number":10,"session":54,"stem":55},"111180","有一長度為 L，直徑為 d 之圓桿，彈性模數為 E，波松比（Poisson’s ra…",{"number":10,"session":57,"stem":58},"110180","下圖結構的穩定與可定性質為何？ L L L L",1791863206202]