[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":61},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-114180-arch_construction-6":3},{"question":4,"neighbors":26,"sameNumber":45,"prev":34,"next":37},{"id":5,"classKey":6,"session":7,"year":8,"subject":9,"number":10,"groupStem":11,"ownStem":12,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerKind":20,"answerS":11,"answerNote":11,"images":21,"explanation":22,"withheld":11,"deepChars":23,"freq":24,"indexable":25},"arch-114180-801-0103-006","architect","114180",114,"建築構造與施工",6,null,"混凝土或砂漿因為水分乾燥而開始收縮出現乾縮現象，下列何者不是造成嚴重乾縮的原因？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"單位水量太多","坍度值太大","水灰比太大","水泥粉末太粗",[19],"D","single",[],"本題考點：混凝土與砂漿乾燥收縮的影響因素，包括單位水量、坍度、水灰比與水泥細度各自對乾縮的作用方向。\n【正解理由】乾縮是硬化體內水分蒸發散失、毛細孔失水而造成的體積收縮，所以「拌和時多出來的水」與「水泥水化產物及細微孔隙的多寡」是兩大來源。《結構混凝土施工規範》第 3.2.2 節指出水灰比或水膠比及拌和水量對混凝土之強度、耐久性及體積穩定性有密切關係。至於水泥細度：水泥粉末越細，比表面積越大、需水量越多、水化越快越完全，生成的膠體與細微孔隙越多，乾縮越大；反過來，粉末較粗時乾縮傾向較小。因此「水泥粉末太粗」不是造成嚴重乾縮的原因，會造成嚴重乾縮的是水泥粉末太細，故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 是原因。單位水量多，硬化後可蒸發的自由水就多，失水後留下的孔隙與收縮量都大；《結構混凝土施工規範》第 3.2.2 節也指出採用較高水量雖對工作性有利，但會降低混凝土耐久性。\n(B) 是原因。坍度大多半是靠增加用水量達成，《結構混凝土施工規範》第 7.4.2 節在工地調整坍度時，就是加適量清水使坍度增加（並須維持原配比設計之水灰比）；在其他條件不變下，坍度越大代表單位水量越多，乾縮越嚴重。\n(C) 是原因。水灰比大表示相對於水泥的水量多，水化後剩下的水分多、毛細孔隙多，失水收縮量大，與《結構混凝土施工規範》第 3.2.2 節所述水灰比影響體積穩定性一致。\n(D) 不是原因。水泥粉末粗，比表面積小、需水量少，水化產物與細微孔隙較少，乾縮反而較小；與乾縮加劇有關的是水泥粉末太細。正確敘述應為「水泥粉末太細」才是造成嚴重乾縮的原因之一。\n【記憶點】乾縮怕「水多、灰細」：單位水量、坍度、水灰比越大越縮，水泥越細也越縮。",541,1,true,[27,30,33,36,39,42],{"number":28,"session":7,"stem":29},3,"有關材料延展性的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"number":31,"session":7,"stem":32},4,"依據我國建築技術規則有關耐燃材料之規定，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"number":34,"session":7,"stem":35},5,"有關我國綠建材標章之「高性能節能綠建材」的材料評定基準之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"number":37,"session":7,"stem":38},7,"有關「高壓輸送混凝土」何者敘述錯誤？",{"number":40,"session":7,"stem":41},8,"現行國家標準（CNS）對陶瓷面磚品質分類上有關吸水率的規定中，何者正確？",{"number":43,"session":7,"stem":44},9,"木材會因含水率有不同的乾縮變化，沿著木材斷面的弦切方向稱為弦向、半徑方向稱為徑向、纖…",[46,49,52,55,58],{"number":10,"session":47,"stem":48},"113190","有一棟三層樓木造建築物欲以防火構造物進行設計，已知建築師預定選用歐洲赤松集成材進行木…",{"number":10,"session":50,"stem":51},"112190","有關鋼筋混凝土外牆設計及施工規範，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"number":10,"session":53,"stem":54},"111180","屋頂上往往設有眾多的建築設備和管線，下列四張照片中，何者較能維持屋頂防水層的完整性？…",{"number":10,"session":56,"stem":57},"110180","針對路易士康（Louis Kahn）在印度管理大學的磚拱細部設計（如圖所示）。下列敘…",{"number":10,"session":59,"stem":60},"109180","下圖所示之柱上裂縫，較可能的成因為何？",1791863195950]