[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":61},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-114180-arch_structure-11":3},{"question":4,"neighbors":26,"sameNumber":45,"prev":34,"next":37},{"id":5,"classKey":6,"session":7,"year":8,"subject":9,"number":10,"groupStem":11,"ownStem":12,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerKind":20,"answerS":11,"answerNote":11,"images":21,"explanation":22,"withheld":11,"deepChars":23,"freq":24,"indexable":25},"arch-114180-801-0102-011","architect","114180",114,"建築結構",11,null,"高層建築物可利用於較高樓層處懸吊鋼球或設置水箱來抵抗風力作用，則下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"高樓層處懸吊鋼球或設置水箱來抵抗風力屬於被動控制","高樓層處懸吊鋼球或設置水箱來抵抗風力可以減少建築物擺動幅度","採用懸吊鋼球時，鋼球應能自由擺動","採用密閉式水箱時，內部充滿水之抗風效果較佳",[19],"D","single",[],"本題考點：高層建築的被動式減振裝置——調諧質量阻尼器（懸吊鋼球）與調諧液體阻尼器（水箱）的作用原理與發揮效果的必要條件。\n【正解理由】調諧液體阻尼器是利用水箱內的水在建築物擺動時產生晃動，水的慣性力與晃動相位落後於建築物，形成反向作用力，並以水的黏滯與撞擊消耗能量。要產生晃動，水箱內必須保留自由液面；若密閉水箱內部完全充滿水，水沒有晃動空間，只會像一塊固體質量隨建築物一起移動，不但沒有減振效果，反而增加高樓層的質量。故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 正確。懸吊鋼球（調諧質量阻尼器）與水箱（調諧液體阻尼器）都是靠裝置本身的質量慣性與擺動產生反向力，不需要外部能源與控制系統驅動，屬於被動控制；需要感測器與致動器即時出力的才是主動控制。\n(B) 正確。裝置的振動頻率調諧到接近建築物的自然頻率後，建築物擺動時裝置會反向擺動，抵銷部分外力並消散能量，可減少建築物擺動的幅度與加速度，提升使用舒適度。\n(C) 正確。鋼球（質量塊）必須能自由擺動，才能與建築物產生相位差而發揮反向作用；若被卡住或固定，就只是附加在頂部的靜重。實際裝置再以阻尼器連接質量塊，控制擺幅並消耗能量。\n(D) 錯誤。水箱的減振效果來自水的晃動，必須保留自由液面；內部充滿水會使水無法晃動而失去效果。正確說法是「水箱應保留適當的自由液面，使水能隨建築物擺動而晃動」。\n【記憶點】阻尼器要「動得了」才有用：鋼球要能自由擺，水箱要留空間讓水晃；裝滿水的密閉水箱等於一塊死重。",462,1,true,[27,30,33,36,39,42],{"number":28,"session":7,"stem":29},8,"有關高層建築結構系統與設計，下列敘述何者錯誤？①高層建築於設計風力下之層間位移角，不…",{"number":31,"session":7,"stem":32},9,"某等跨距構架活載重 w 全部負載、間隔負載如圖(a)、圖(b)所示，若活載重大於靜載…",{"number":34,"session":7,"stem":35},10,"若一地震之顯著振動週期為 1 秒，則對一般建築物而言，樓高幾層者易與該地震形成共振現…",{"number":37,"session":7,"stem":38},12,"如圖所示之甲乙兩支梁承受相同垂直均布靜載重，若兩梁皆為鋼筋混凝土構造，斷面(1)、(…",{"number":40,"session":7,"stem":41},13,"下列有關結構穩定性與靜定性之敘述，何者錯誤？",{"number":43,"session":7,"stem":44},14,"圖示之梁構造中 C 為鉸接，不考慮自重影響，在 B 出現微小垂直沉陷時，下列敘述何者…",[46,49,52,55,58],{"number":10,"session":47,"stem":48},"113190","關於建築結構行為之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"number":10,"session":50,"stem":51},"112190","圖示管狀結構（Tubular Structure）的外管受側力作用時，若管面為完全剛…",{"number":10,"session":53,"stem":54},"111180","下列何者不屬於形抗結構？",{"number":10,"session":56,"stem":57},"110180","圖中桁架結構，零桿（zero-force member）之數量為何？",{"number":10,"session":59,"stem":60},"109180","有關基礎及地層之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",1791863195418]